Functions List (A-M)

This is a complete list of all of the current functions available in Excel. Depending upon the version of Excel you are using, some of the functions may not work. Likewise if you are using a Mac version of Excel.

NAME SYNTAX What it does.

ABS =ABS(Number)
Returns the absolute value of a number. For example, =ABS(50) and=ABS(-50) both return the value of 50.

ACCRINT =ACCRINT(Issue,First_Interest,Settlement,Rate,Par,Frequency,Basis)
Used to determine the amount of interest accrued between the issue date and the settlement date.

ACCRINTM =ACCRINTM(Issue,Settlement,Rate,Par,Basis)
Used to calculate the interest on a security that pays all interest at maturity.

ACOS =ACOS(Number)
Used to determine the arccosine (inverse of the cosine) of a number.

ACOSH =ACOSH(Number)
Determine the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.

ADDRESS =ADDRESS(Row_num,Column_num,Abs_num,A1,Sheet_text)
Used to create a reference to a cell as text by specifying the desired row and column location as numeric values.

AMORDEGRC =AMORDEGRC(Cost,Date_purchased,First_period,Salvage,Period,Rate,Basis)
Used to calculate depreciation of an asset for a specified accounting period. Only used when the data comes from a French accounting system. Only differs from the AMORLINC function is that this function applies a depreciation coefficient based upon the life of the asset.

AMORLINC =AMORLINC(Cost,Date_purchased,First_period,Salvage,Period,Rate,Basis)
Calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified accounting period. Only used when the data comes from a French accounting system.

AND =AND(Logical1,Logical2, ...)
Used to look at multiple conditions and return TRUE if the conditions are true.

AREAS =AREAS(reference)
Used to determine the number of areas in a reference.

ASC =ASC(Text)
Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters.

ASIN =ASIN(Number)
Determines the arcsine of a number.

ASINH =ASINH(Number)
Determine the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.

ATAN =ATAN(Number)
Used to determine the arctangent of a number.

ATAN2 =ATAN2(x_num,y_num)
Determines the arctangent if you have the x and y coordinates for an angle. Expressed in radians.

ATANH =ATANH(Number)
Used to determine the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.

AVEDEV =AVEDEV(Number1,Number2, ...)
Finds the average of the absolute deviations of values of mean for a specified series of numeric values.

AVERAGE =AVERAGE(Number1,Number2, ...)
Used to determine the average between two numeric values.

AVERAGEA =AVERAGEA(Value1,Value2, ...)
Finds the average (arithmetic mean) between a list of values. Values are numeric, logical, or text.

BESSELI =BESSELI(x,n)
Returns the modified Bessel function, which is equivalent to the Bessel function evaluated for purely imaginary arguments.

BESSELJ =BESSELJ(x,n)
Returns the Bessel function.

BESSELK =BESSELK(x,n)
Returns the modified Bessel function, which is equivalent to the Bessel functions evaluated for purely imaginary arguments.

BESSELY =BESSELY(x,n)
Returns the Bessel function, which is also called the Weber function or the Neumann function.

BETADIST =BETADIST(x,alpha,beta,A,B)
Used to find the cumulative beta probability density function for the specified values.

BETAINV =BETAINV(probability,alpha,beta,A,B)
Used to find the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function.

BIN2DEC =BIN2DEC(Number)
Converts a binary number to decimal.

BIN2HEX =BIN2HEX(Number,Places)
Converts a binary number to hexadecimal.

BIN2OCT =BIN2OCT(Number,Places)
Converts a binary number to octal.

BINOMDIST =BINOMDIST(number_s,trials,probability_s,cumulative)
Determines the probability of success for a specific number of trials.

CALL =CALL(register_id,argument1,...)=CALL(module_text,procedure,type_text,argument1,...)
Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource. This function is provided for advanced users only. If you use the CALL function incorrectly, you may cause errors that will require you to restart your computer.

CEILING =CEILING(number,significance)
Used to round a value to a specific multiple.

CELL =CELL(info_type,reference)
Returns specific information about the format, location, or contents of a specified cell.

CHAR =CHAR(Number)
Identifies the character represented by the numeric value.

CHIDIST =CHIDIST(x,degrees_freedom)
Used to locate the probability of a chi-squared variable with the specified degrees of freedom.

CHIINV =CHIINV(probability,degrees_freedom)
Locates the inverse chi-squared distribution of a value with the specified degrees of freedom.

CHITEST =CHITEST(actual_range,expected_range)
Used to locate whether the actual values of the observations of the chi-squared distribution match the expected values of the observations.

CHOOSE =CHOOSE(index_num,value1,value2,...)
Used to select a value from a list based upon the order of the values within a list.

CLEAN =CLEAN(text)
Removes all nonprintable characters from the specified text.

CODE =CODE(text)
Determines the numeric code of the first character in a text string.

CONFIDENCE =CONFIDENCE(alpha, standard_dev, size)
Used to determine the confidence interval for a population mean.

COLUMN =COLUMN(reference)
Determines the column number of the specified column.

COLUMNS =COLUMNS(array)
Determines the number of columns in a specified array.

COMBIN =COMBIN(number,number_chosen)
Determines the number of unique combinations that are created from the specified number of items.

COMPLEX =COMPLEX(real_num,i_num,suffix)
Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number of the form x + yi or x + yj.

CONCATENATE =CONCATENATE (text1,text2,...)
Combines two or more text strings together.

CONFIDENCE =CONFIDENCE(alpha,standard_dev,size)
Used to determine the confidence interval for a population mean.

CONVERT =CONVERT(number,from_unit,to_unit)
Converts a number from one measurement system to another.

CORREL =CORREL(array1,array2)
Used to combine two different arrays and determine the correlation.

COS =COS(Number)
Used to determine the cosine of an angle expressed in radians.

COSH =COSH(Number)
Determines the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

COUNT =COUNT(value1,value2, ...)
Used to determine the numeric values within a range of values.

COUNTA =COUNTA(value1,value2, ...)
Determines the number of values within a specified list of arguments. Counts all arguments that are not empty.

COUNTBLANK =COUNTBLANK(range)
Determines the number of empty cells within a cell range.

COUNTIF =COUNTIF(range,criteria)
Counts the number of cells in a specified range that meets the specified criteria.

COUPDAYBS =COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Determines the number of days between the start of the coupon periond and the settlement date for a security.

COUPDAYS =COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Determines the number of days within the coupon period that contains the settlement date for a security.

COUPDAYSNC =COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Determines the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon due date for a security.

COUPNCD =COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Determines the next coupon date that follows the settlement date.

COUPNUM =COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Determines the number of coupon dates between the settlement date and the maturity date.

COUPPCD =COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Determines the coupon date prior to the settlement date.

COVAR =COVAR(array1,array2)
Compares values in two arrays and determines the covariance.

CRITBINOM =CRITBINOM(trials,probability_s,alpha)
Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value.

CUMIPMT =CUMIPMT(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,type)
Determine the total amount of interest that will be paid out on a loan.

CUMPRINC =CUMPRINC(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,type)
Determine how much principal will be paid out on a loan.

DATE =DATE(year,month,day)
Used to create an actual date that combines year, month, and day.

DATEDIF =DATEDIF(start_date,end_date,unit)
Determines the amount of difference between months, days, or years between two dates.

DATEVALUE =DATEVALUE(date_text)
Converts text dates  to appropriate Excel value. Only used to convert text dates imported from another system.

DAVERAGE =DAVERAGE(database,field,criteria)
Averages the values in a column in a list or database that match conditions you specify.

DAY =DAY(serial_number)
Determines the day portion of a date.

DAYS360 =DAYS360(start_date,end_date,method)
Determines the number of days between two dates based upon a 360 day year.

DB =DB(cost,salvage,life,period,month)
Determine the amount of depreciation for an asset during the specified time frame. Calculated using a fixed-declining balance.

DCOUNT =DCOUNT(database,field,criteria)
Counts the number of cells in a specified column that contain numbers and match the criteria.

DCOUNTA =DCOUNTA(database,field,criteria)
Counts the number of cells in a specified column that contain a value and match the criteria.

DDB =DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,factor)
Determines the amount of depreciation for an asset during a specified time frame. Calculated using a double-declining balance.

DEC2BIN =DEC2BIN(Number)
Converts a decimal number to binary.

DEC2HEX =DEC2HEX(Number)
Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal.

DEC2OCT =DEC2OCT(Number)
Converts a decimal number to octal.

DEGREES =DEGREES(angle)
Used to convert a radians measurement into a degrees measurement.

DGET =DGET(Database, Field, Criteria)
Extracts the specific value from a database table that matches specific conditions.

DELTA =DELTA(number1,number2)
Tests whether two values are equal.

DEVSQ =DEVSQ(number1,number2,...)
Returns the sum of squares of deviations of data points from their sample mean.

DGET =DGET(database,field,criteria)
Extracts a single value from a column in a list or database that matches conditions you specify.

DISC =DISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption,basis)
Returns the discount rate for a security.

DMAX =DMAX(database,field,criteria)
Finds the largest value in a column of a database table that matches the specified conditions.

DMIN =DMIN(database,field,criteria)
Finds the smallest value in a column of a database table that matches the specified conditions.

DOLLAR =DOLLAR(number,decimals)
Converts a number to a dollar value with a specified number of decimal points.

DOLLARDE =DOLLARDE(fractional_dollar,fraction)
Converts a dollar price expressed as a fraction into a dollar price expressed as a decimal number.

DOLLARFR =DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar,fraction)
Converts a dollar price expressed as a decimal number into a dollar price expressed as a fraction.

DPRODUCT =DPRODUCT(database,field,criteria)
Finds the product of the values in a column of a database table that matches the specified conditions.

DSTDEV =DSTDEV(database,field,criteria)
Estimates the standard deviation of a sample by using the numbers in the specified column that match specified criteria.

DSTDEVP =DSTDEVP(database,field,criteria)
Estimates the standard deviation of the entire population using the numbers in the specified column that match the specified criteria.

DSUM =DSUM(database,field,criteria)
Adds the numbers in the specified column of a database table that matches the conditions specified by the criteria argument.

DURATION =DURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon yld,frequency,basis)
Returns the Macauley duration for an assumed par value of .

DVAR =DVAR(database,field,criteria)
Estimates the sample variance using numbers in a column that match the specified conditions.

DVARP =DVARP(database,field,criteria)
Used to estimate population variance in a column that match the specified conditions. 

EDATE =EDATE(start_date,months)
Returns the serial number that represents the date that is the indicated number of months before or after a specified date (the start_date).

EFFECT =EFFECT(nominal_rate,npery)
Determines the effective annual interest rate for an investment.

EOMONTH =EOMONTH(start_date,months)
Returns the serial number for the last day of the month that is the indicated number of months before or after start_date.

ERF =ERF(lower_limit,upper_limit)
Returns the error function integrated between lower_limit and upper_limit.

ERFC =ERFC(x)
Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x and infinity.

ERROR.TYPE =ERROR.TYPE(error_val)
Returns a number that corresponds to one of the error values within Excel or n/a if an error does not exist.

EVEN =EVEN(Number)
Used to round a numeric value to the closest even integer.

EXACT =EXACT(text1,text2)
Compares two text strings and determines if they are identical. Returns TRUE or FALSE.

EXP =EXP(Number)
Use to determine the value of the constant e raised to the power of a specified numeric value.

EXPONDIST =EXPONDIST(x,lambda,cumulative)
Finds the probabilities for the exponential distribution.

FACT =FACT(Number)
Determines the factorial of the specified number.

FACTDOUBLE =FACTDOUBLE(number)
Returns the double factorial of a number.

FALSE =FALSE()
Use to return a logical value of FALSE.

FDIST =FDIST(x,degrees_freedom1,degrees_freedom2)
Returns the F probability distribution.

FIND =FIND(find_text,within_text,start_num)
Determines the location of a text string within another text string.

FINDB =FINDB(find_text,within_text,start_num)
Locates one text string (find_text) within another text string (within_text), and returns the number of the starting position of find_text, from the first character of within_text.

FINV =FINV(probability,degrees_freedom1,degrees_freedom2)
Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.

FISHER =FISHER(x)
Returns the Fisher transformation at x. This transformation produces a function that is approximately normally distributed rather than skewed.

FISHERINV =FISHERINV(y)
Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation.

FIXED =FIXED(number,decimals,no_commas)
Rounds a number to a specific number of decimal points and returns a text result. Can also be formatted using commas.

FLOOR =FLOOR(number,significance)
Used to round a value down to a specific multiple.

FORECAST =FORECAST(x,known_y's,known_x's)
Calculates, or predicts, a future value by using existing values.

FREQUENCY =FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_array)
Calculates how often values occur within a range of values, and then returns a vertical array of numbers.

FTEST =FTEST(array1,array2)
Returns the result of an F-test. An F-test returns the one-tailed probability that the variances in array1 and array2 are not significantly different.

FV =FV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,type)
Used to determine the future value of an investment.

FVSCHEDULE =FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)
Calculates the future value of an investment that has a variable rate of interest.

GAMMADIST =GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
Returns the gamma distribution.

GAMMAINV =GAMMAINV(probability,alpha,beta)
Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution.

GAMMALN =GAMMALN(x)
Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x).

GCD =GCD(number1,number2, ...)
Determines the largest number that can be evenly divided into the specified values (commonly referred to as the greatest common divisor).

GEOMEAN =GEOMEAN(number1,number2, ...)
Determines the geometric mean average for a range of positive numeric values.

GESTEP =GESTEP(number,step)
Returns 1 if number ≥ step; returns 0 (zero) otherwise.

GETPIVOTDATA =GETPIVOTDATA(pivot_table,name)
Retrieves data stored in a PivotTable report.

GROWTH =GROWTH(known_y's,known_x's,new_x's,const)
Calculates predicted exponential growth using existing data.

HARMEAN =HARMEAN(number1,number2, ...)
Used to calculate the harmonic mean of a list of positive numeric values.

HEX2BIN =HEX2BIN(Number,Places)
Converts a hexadecimal number to binary.

HEX2DEC =HEX2DEC(Number)
Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal.

HEX2OCT =HEX2OCT(Number,Places)
Converts a hexadecimal number to octal.

HLOOKUP =HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup)
Used to locate a column heading in the first row of the specified table and return the value of the specified cell of that column.

HOUR =HOUR(serial_number)
Returns the hour of a time value. Based upon a 24 hour clock the numeric value will be between 0 and 24.

HYPERLINK =HYPERLINK(link_location,friendly_name)
Creates a shortcut to another document.

HYPGEOMDIST =HYPGEOMDIST(sample_s,number_sample,population_s,number_population)


IF =IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)
Used to check a condition and specify the value that is returned based upon whether the result of the condition is TRUE or FALSE.

IMABS =IMABS(inumber)
Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMAGINARY =IMAGINARY(inumber)
Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMARGUMENT =IMARGUMENT(inumber)
Returns the argument (theta), an angle expressed in radians.

IMCONJUGATE =IMCONJUGATE(inumber)
Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMCOS =IMCOS(inumber)
Returns the cosine of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMDIV =IMDIV(inumber1,inumber2)
Returns the quotient of two complex numbers in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMEXP =IMEXP(inumber)
Returns the exponential of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMLN =IMLN(inumber)
Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMLOG10 =IMLOG10(inumber)
Returns the common logarithm (base 10) of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMLOG2 =IMLOG2(inumber)
Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMPOWER =IMPOWER(inumber,number)
Returns a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format raised to a power.

IMPRODUCT =IMPRODUCT(inumber1,inumber2,...)
Returns the product of 2 to 29 complex numbers in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMREAL =IMREAL(inumber)
Returns the real coefficient of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMSIN =IMSIN(inumber)
Returns the sine of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMSQRT =IMSQRT(inumber)
Returns the square root of a complex number in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMSUB =IMSUB(inumber1,inumber2)
Returns the difference of two complex numbers in x + yi or x + yj text format.

IMSUM =IMSUM(inumber1,inumber2,...)
Returns the sum of two or more complex numbers in x + yi or x + yj text format.

INDEX =INDEX(array,row_num,column_num)=INDEX(reference,row_num,column_num,area_num)
Used to return a value from within an array.

INDIRECT =INDIRECT(ref_text,a1)
Used to return the reference specified by another cell.

INFO =INFO(type_text)
Used to obtain information.
=info(“directory”) – returns the path of the current directory of the file
=info(“memavail”) – returns numeric value that indicates the amount of memory available in bytes
=info(“osversion”) – returns current operating system
=info(“release”) – returns the current version of Excel

INT =INT(Number)
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

INTERCEPT =INTERCEPT(known_y's,known_x's)
Examines X and Y values to determine the point where a line will cross the Y-axis.

INTRATE =INTRATE(settlement,maturity,investment,redemption,basis)
Used to determine the interest rate on a fully invested security.

IPMT =IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,type)
Determines the interest payment of an investment for a specific period.

IRR =IRR(values,guess)
Determines the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.

ISBLANK =ISBLANK(Value)
Determines if a specific reference is an empty cell.

ISERR =ISERR(Value)
Returns TRUE if cell reference refers to an error value other than #N/A.

ISERROR =ISERROR(Value)
Returns a value of TRUE is cell reference contains an error value.

ISEVEN =ISEVEN(Number)
Returns a value of TRUE if the cell reference numeric value is even; FALSE is the cell numeric value is odd. If the cell reference is not numeric, then #VALUE! is returned.

ISLOGICAL =ISLOGICAL(Value)
Returns a value of TRUE if the cell reference is a logical value.

ISNA =ISNA(Value)
Returns a value of TRUE if the cell reference contains the #N/A error value. Otherwise FALSE is returned.

ISNONTEXT =ISNONTEXT(Value)
Returns a value of TRUE if the cell reference does not contain text (including blank cell).

ISNUMBER =ISNUMBER(Value)
Returns a value of TRUE if the cell reference contains a numeric value.

ISODD =ISODD(Number)
Returns a value of TRUE if the cell reference contains an odd number.

ISPMT =ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)
Essentially the same function as IPMT. Primarily provides compatibility with Lotus 123.

ISREF =ISREF(Value)
Returns a value of TRUE if the cell reference contains a reference to another cell.

ISTEXT =ISTEXT(Value)
Returns a value of TRUE if the cell reference contains text.

JIS =JIS(text)
Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters.

KURT =KURT(number1,number2, ...)
Returns the kurtosis of a data set. Kurtosis characterizes the relative peakedness or flatness of a distribution compared with the normal distribution.

LARGE =LARGE(array,k)
Returns the largest value in an array based upon the specified criteria.

LCM =LCM(number1,number2, ...)
Returns the least common multiple of integers.

LEFT =LEFT(text,num_chars)
Returns a specific number of characters from the left side of a text string.

LEFTB =LEFTB(text,num_bytes)
LEFTB returns the first character or characters in a text string, based on the number of bytes you specify. This function is for use with double-byte characters.

LEN =LEN(text)
Determines the number of characters in a text string.

LENB =LENB(text)
Determines the number of characters in a text string, based on the number of bytes you specify.

LINEST =LINEST(known_y's,known_x's,const,stats)
Calculates the statistics for a line by using the "least squares" method to calculate a straight line that best fits your data, and returns an array that describes the line.

LN =LN(Number)
Returns the natural logarithm of a number. Natural logarithms are based on the constant e (2.71828182845904).

LOG =LOG(Number,base)
Returns the logarithm of a number to the base you specify.

LOG10 =LOG10(Number)
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.

LOGEST =LOGEST(known_y's,known_x's,const,stats)
Find the exponential curve that meets the specified data values and returns an array of values that describe the curve.

LOGINV =LOGINV(probability,mean,standard_dev)
Used to find the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution when the probability is known.

LOGNORMDIST =LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,standard_dev)
Used to locate the cumulative probability for the lognormal distribution of a specified numeric value.

LOOKUP =LOOKUP(lookup_value,lookup_vector,result_vector)=LOOKUP(lookup_value,array)
Returns a value from a specified row, column, or array.

LOWER =LOWER(text)
Converts text to all lower case text.

MATCH =MATCH(lookup_value,lookup_array,match_type)
Used to locate the position of an item in the specified array that matches the value indicated.

MAX =MAX(number1,number2,...)
Returns the largest value in a list of values. Must be numeric.

MAXA =MAXA(value1,value2,...)
Used to locate the largest value in a list of arguments.

MDETERM =MDETERM(array)
Returns the matrix determinant of an array.

MDURATION =MDURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yld,frequency,basis)
Determines the modified duration of a security.

MEDIAN =MEDIAN(number1,number2, ...)
Examines a list of numbers and finds the median value.

MID =MID(text,start_num,num_chars)
Returns a specific number of characters starting at a specified location within a text string.

MIDB =MIDB(text,start_num,num_bytes)
Returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting at the position specified, based on the number of bytes specified. This function is for use with double-byte characters.

MIN =MIN(number1,number2,...)
Locates the smallest value in a list of numeric values.

MINA =MINA(value1,value2,...)
Locates the smallest value in a list of arguments.

MINUTE =MINUTE(serial_number)
Returns the minute portion of a time value. Value returned will be between 0 and 59.

MINVERSE =MINVERSE(array)
Locates the inverse of a square matrix.

MIRR =MIRR(values,finance_rate,reinvest_rate)
Used to determine the modified internal rate of return for a series of scheduled cash flows.

MMULT =MMULT(array1,array2)
Locates the product of two matrices.

MOD =MOD(number,divisor)
Determines the remainder when one number is divided into another number.

MODE =MODE(number1,number2,...)
Locates the most commonly occurring number in a series.

MONTH =MONTH(serial_number)
Returns the month value of a date. Value returned will be between 1 and 12.

MROUND =MROUND(number,multiple)
Rounds a numeric value to the closest multiple of the specified value.

MULTINOMIAL =MULTINOMIAL(number1,number2, ...)
Determines the ratio of the sum of the factorials for the specifeid values divided by the product of the same factorials.